In this research, the feasibility of using mathematical modelling in the ball milling process has been evaluated to verify the hardness changes of an aluminium nanostructure. Considering the model of normal force displacement (NFD), the radius of elastic-plastic and normal displacement of two balls were computed by applying analytical modelling and coding in MATLAB. Properties of balls and aluminium powder were entered into the software as input data. The impact radius and then the hardness of powder were calculated accordingly. The changes of aluminium powder hardness resulting from the collision of two spherical balls during the synthesis of an aluminium nanostructure were analytically derived and compared with experimental data obtained from the literature. Calculation of results accuracy shows the model has a better agreement with the experimental data at the beginning than the results from Maurice et al. (R2= 0. 68 in this model). This research innovation is to combine the NFD model with hardness formulation to calculate final hardness.

Plant development can be defined as a programmed qualitative change in plant form, which leads plant to maturity, and researchers call it as phasic development or phenology. Recognizing the timing of occurring each development stage is necessary for managing system in order to yield increment. The timing of occurring development stages depend on climate, genotype specifications and sowing date then determination of these times in different regions is difficult and it is only possible through the using of crop simulation models which can predict the timing of occurrence each development stage by integrating effective factors. The model was constructed based on linear equation of plant temperature response. In order to model evaluation two experiments were carried out in agricultural and natural resources research center of Khuzistan in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping years. Wheat development stages were determined based on Kirby and Appleyard’s scale by stereoscopic microscope and required GDD for each development stage as well. The constructed model was calibrated and run for simulation. Comparison of simulated and observed data showed that the model can strongly predict wheat development stages.

Purpose: Resilience in start-ups is a challenging issue that has caught the attention of policymakers and business owners. The present study is an attempt to provide a model for designing the resilience model of start-up businesses as a path to the future of start-up businesses. Method: This research is practical in terms of purpose and from the perspective of data collection is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis method. The data collection method is semi-structured interview. Interviews with participants continued until they reached the theoretical saturation point, which was achieved by conducting 15 interviews. Participants were selected by snowball and purposeful method and data analysis was done through three coding steps (open, axial, selective) with MAXQDA2020 software. Findings: Based on the research results, the components of "cognitive resilience, financial resilience, adaptive resilience" as well as the effective organizational factors of "precedent, drivers and boys and resilience consequences" were identified. In this research, foresight and futures studies were identified as the drivers of resilience of start-up businesses. Conclusion: Resilience enables businesses to respond effectively to the dynamic conditions of their environment and maximize their competencies through strategic foresight and as a result gain more value than their competitors in the field of business. In this regard, the integration of foresight in the process of business resilience can be suggested as a facilitator of drivers.

Today, one of the most widely used natural language representation methods is meaning representation for text processing in different systems. Meaning representation methods have had many applications in the field of natural language processing in recent years, including automatic text summarization systems and question and answer systems, etc. Many text expressions may be different in terms of grammatical structure, but they are the same in terms of meaning, so how to apply a single and uniform meaning to them is one of the challenges of text processing. The main goal of this paper is to design an Integrated Semantic Representation (ISR) model for natural language. The proposed model, while maintaining its simplicity in annotation and understanding, does not depend on specific natural language features or on syntactic and lexical structure. In this regard, several examples in both English and Persian language, which have different in terms of written and grammatical structure, are presented in this paper. Moreover, by using the proposed model, the same representation is provided for texts with the same meaning and different grammatical structure. The proposed model is designed in graph and list format is recommended to annotate its corpuses. One of the main features of this model is that it can represent semantic relations at both sentence-level and document-level and is able to represent complex and important linguistic phenomena such as aspect, tense, and quantification. The simplicity of the proposed model helps to avoid making language processing slow or complicated in various applications, and the preparation of structures based on this model for different natural languages will not be too complicated, so that it can be used both for natural languages with low resources and for those with various resources. Further, features of the proposed model are compared with one of the most important related works.

Introduction: Compared to other adipose tissues, Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT), may have different effects on health and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on serum orexin-A (OXA), SAT thermogenic indices gene expression, and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male wistar rats with an average weight of 180-200 g were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups: normal fat diet (NFD), high-fat diet-induced obesity (HFDO), normal fat diet after high-fat dietinduced obesity (HFDO-NFD) and the aerobic exercise group with normal fat diet after high-fat dietinduced obesity (HFDO-AEX). After induction of obesity in the HFDO group and 48 hours after eight weeks of aerobic exercise in other groups (60% of maximum exercise capacity), fasting levels of serum OXA, FBS, insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and gene expression of PGC-1 and UCP1 in SAT were measured. Results: Results showed that, following HFD, compared to the NFD group, levels of OXA, HDL-C, PGC-1 and UCP1 gene expression in the HFDO group, significantly decreased, and lipid profiles, Lee index, FBS, insulin and insulin resistance significantly increased (P<0. 01). Also after aerobic exercise in the HFDO-AEX group, compared to the HFDO group, levels of OXA (34. 74%), HDL-C (23. 65%), PGC-1 and UCP1 genes expression (77. 38% and 78. 72%, respectively) increased and values of lipid profile, Lee index (18. 34%), FBS (32. 28%), insulin (4. 01%) and insulin resistance (37. 48%) were significantly decreased (P! 0. 001), changes however, not significant in the HFDO-NFD group. Conclusion: Data obtained suggest that aerobic exercise by an increase in the OXA and alteration in the SAT thermogenic gene expression indices may improve insulin resistance and blood lipid profiles.

Background and Aim: Job enrichment is a method that has been used to increase employee satisfaction and work motivation. The Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model (1976) has served as the foundation for many job enrichment efforts. In particular, a considerable amount of research has been devoted to the study of the job characteristics-job satisfaction relations. Te purpose of this study was to statistically determine the relation between job characteristics and job satisfaction among employees of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) in 2007. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional one, including 6 TUMS-affiliated hospitals-Emam, Shariati, Baharlo, Ziaeian, Madaen and Azadi. The sample size was 400, consisting of 200 administrative employees (50%), 151 nurses (38%) and 49 physicians (12%). The random sampling and stratified proportional sampling methods were used to select the hospitals and interviewees, respectively. Two questionnaires were developed and used to identify job characteristics and job satisfaction: 1) job diagnostics surveys (JDS) and 2) Hertzberg's job satisfaction questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaires was ascertained by test-retest using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.88). Linear-by-linear association and ordinal logistics regression analysis were used for analyzing the data gathered.Results:The relations between the Motivational Potential Score (MPS) and job characteristics (except for feedback) with job satisfaction were statistically significant (p<0.05). Task identity was the most effective determinant of job satisfaction. Conclusion: It appears that all the job characteristics (except feedback) are important determinants of job satisfaction of the hospital employees. Although the work environment is in need of restructuring, it is important to note, from a positive perspective, that the job characteristics discussed in this study are readily amenable to change job satisfaction at the organizational level.

Background: Gradual weight reduction has been shown to be associated with improvements in liver enzymes. However, some evidence demonstrated that liver enzymes may transiently increase immediately after a diet-induced weight loss.Objectives: This study was designed to assess the effects of a hypocaloric, almond-enriched diet (AED) compared with a hypocaloric nut-free diet (NFD) on liver function tests in the context of a three-month weight reduction program in overweight/obese women.Patients and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with ID number of IRCT2013062313751N1. Overweight and obese Iranian women [n=108; age=42.7 y, body mass index=29.6 kg/m2] were randomly assigned to consume an AED or NFD. The carefully planned hypocaloric diets were identical for both groups except for the AED group who consumed 50 grams of almonds daily for three months. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory measurements including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and g-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were assessed before and immediately after the intervention.Results: Of 108 participants, 50 women in AED group and 50 women in NFD group completed the protocol of the study (response rate: 92.6 %). The AED led to a median weight loss of 3.79 kg (interquartile range: 4.4 kg). Significant decreases within AED and NFD were observed in ALT (-16.6±16.3 and -11.7±16.8, P<0.001, respectively). Similar significant decreases were observed in AST (-13.6±15.7 and -7.7±16.1; P<0.001, respectively). The decrease in GGT was also significant in both groups (-11.4±21.6 and -6.2±19.8; P<0.001 respectively). ALT, AST and GGT decreased significantly in the AED group compared to the NFD group (P<0.001).Conclusions: AED improved liver enzymes in obese women. However, mild, transient increases in ALT and AST values can be observed immediately after an NFD in women.